The Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are the world's time-bound and quantified targets for addressing extreme poverty in its many dimensions-income poverty, hunger, disease, lack of adequate shelter, and exclusion-while promoting gender equality, education, and environmental sustainability. They are also basic human rights-the rights of each person on the planet to health, education, shelter, and security.


  • Target 1. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
  • Target 2. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

  • Target 3. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

  • Target 4. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later 2015

  • Target 5. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

  • Target 6. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

  • Target 7. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
  • Target 8. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

  • Target 9. Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources
  • Target 10. Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
  • Target 11. Have achieved by 2020 a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

  • Target 12. Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, nondiscriminatory trading and financial system (includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction, both nationally and internationally)
  • Target 13. Address the special needs of the Least Developed Countries (includes tariff- and quota-free access for Least Developed Countries? exports, enhanced program of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries [HIPCs] and cancellation of official bilateral debt, and more generous official development assistance for countries committed to poverty reduction)
  • Target 14. Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing states (through the Program of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and 22nd General Assembly provisions)
  • Target 15. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
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Extreme poverty means that households cannot meet basic needs for survival. They are chronically hungry, unable to acces health care, lack the amenities of safe drinking water and sanitation, cannot afford education for some or all of the children, and perhaps lack rudimentary shelter -- a roof to keep the rain out of the hut, a chimney to remove the smoke from the cook stove -- and basic articles of clothing, such as shoes.
(Jeffrey D. Sachs. The End of Poverty (The Penguin Press, 2005), p. 20.)
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